Friday 30 November 2012

Subtraction in 2nd Grade! Fun game!


Careful subtraction is an important skill. Flash cards can get repetitive and your child may lose interest in practicing. Try this fun game for an exciting change! Roll the dice and hope for big numbers! Players begin with 99 points. On each turn, they'll subtract the total they roll on the dice. The first player to reach or pass zero wins! Subtracting has never been so fun, and the competitive spirit of this game will keep your child engaged and ready to learn.

What You Need:


  • 2 dice
  • Paper and pencil for each player for keeping score

Friday 23 November 2012

Egg Carton Colour Sorter - PK activity!



Identifying colours is a necessary skill that people use everyday—for choosing which clothes to wear, reading signs, following traffic signals, and describing the surrounding world. Introduce your child to this bright new world of colours using ordinary household objects such as buttons, beads, and marbles. She can group these objects into different sections and learn to recognize their written names using a homemade egg carton sorter. This activity provides an interactive, colourful way for your preschooler to practice colour recognition!

What You Need:

  • Paper egg carton (half-dozen or full dozen)
  • Paint or markers in 6-12 different colours
  • Writing pen
  • Small, brightly-colored trinkets such as buttons, beads, or glass stones

What to Do:

  1. Help your child paint the lid of the egg carton with white paint or cover it with plain paper.
  2. Have your child make a small spot of each color on the egg carton lid. Write the name of the colour above it with a pen.
  3. On the inside of the carton, use paint or markers to designate a colour for each as well.
  4. Ask your child to sort the trinkets according to colour, placing each one in the appropriate well. Start a conversation about the different colours with your child as you sort, asking her to name the colour or point to it as she sorts each trinket. Show her the word on the lid that corresponds with each colour.
To store the activity for later use, simply close the carton lid with the trinkets inside. The contents will be kept sound and ready for the next colour sorting exercise!
www.education.com 

Saturday 3 November 2012

Oatmeal Pancakes - Let´s practise fractions!

The kitchen can be a favorite place for kids. And cooking helps them develop valuable skills-- from eye-hand coordination, to reading, to math. Cooking is especially good for helping kids practise fractions on the fly.
This Oatmeal Pancakes recipe is not only easy for young kids to make, but it's also easy for them to cut in half, or to double-- a great way for them to practice the early fractions they have learnt.

What You Need:

  • 1/2 cup quick oats
  • 1/2 cup all-purpose flour
  • 1 cup milk + 1 tablespoon lemon juice: allow to sit for 5 minutes
  • 1/4 cup milk
  • 1 tablespoon sugar
  • 2 tablespoons vegetable oil
  • 1/2 teaspoon baking soda
  • 1/2 teasoon salt
  • 1 teaspoon baking powder
  • 1 egg

What You Do:

  1. Combine all ingredients and mix together until the batter is smooth.
  2. Spray the griddle or frying pan with cooking spray. For each pancake, pour 1/4 cup of batter onto the hot pan and cook the pancakes until they start to bubble and the edges are cooked. Flip and cook the other side.
  3. Serve with warm maple syrup, yogurt and fresh fruit, or however your family likes them! This recipe makes about 10 pancakes.
 
 
 


Sunday 21 October 2012

Number recognition for the little ones!

Send your child on a number hunt! In this simple activity, she'll search for numbers hidden throughout the house (or classroom!) Scavenger hunts spell big fun for young kids, but in the midst of all the excitement, kids learn to recognise number names, recognise numbers by sight, and develop ordering and grouping skills.

What You Need:

  • Cards, books, or pictures that show numbers or number names big enough to be easily recognized by children. (If you don't have any handy, you can draw numbers on brightly coloured handmade number cards made of construction paper.)


By Education.com

Monday 15 October 2012

Explore Circumference with Your Bicycle Wheel - 5th Grade



By late Primary school, students have already learned about the basic properties of geometric shapes, but they are still exploring the many ways that geometry translates to real-world situations. Sure, finding the distance around, or the "perimeter", of a polygon like a square or triangle is pretty easy. But how about finding the distance around a circle, the "circumference"?
This hands-on-activity gives your child practice in finding the circumference of an object, while teaching her to use a step-by-step approach to gain the information necessary to solve a mathematical problem. Plus, it's a great way to get outside and have some family fun in the sun!

What You Need:

  • bicycle
  • a sidewalk, or some other place to ride
  • a length of string
  • meter stick
  • paper
  • pencil
  • chalk (optional)
What You Do:
Step 1
Have your child ride her bicycle down the sidewalk a short, specific distance. Draw a chalk line, or use a marker such as a tree or a sign to show her where to stop. Ask her to estimate how many times her bicycle wheel went around.
Step 2
Use the string to help your child find the circumference of her bicycle wheel. Ask your child to lay her bicycle down. Hold the end of the string tightly on the tire and have your child to take the other end of the string and place it around the tire until it meets the end you are holding. Cut the string so that is reflects the measurement of the circumference of the tire. Help your child measure the string to the nearest centimeter. Next, have her measure the distance her bicycle wheel traveled to the nearest centimeter.
Step 3
Now that you have the measurement of the tire’s circumference and the measurement of the distance traveled, it's time to find the number of times your child’s bicycle wheel went around. Ask her how she would set up the problem. Working together, divide the distance traveled by the circumference of the tire to find the answer!

www.education.com

Monday 1 October 2012

A prime numbers Math game - 4th Grade



What is a prime number? Check out this great way to learn. Find a deck of cards and deal them out. We hope your hand has a lot of prime numbers in it! If it does, you have a good chance of winning. If not, we wish you luck when you reach your hand over to the draw pile. Before you know it, you’ll have the first several prime numbers memorized and some great skills to take with you back to math class.

Terms to Know:

  • Prime Number: a number with no factors excepting itself and 1 (The first several prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, and 23. The number 1 is not a prime number and is instead classified as a unit.)
  • Factor: a number that divides evenly into another number

What You Need:

  • Deck of playing cards

Monday 24 September 2012

A Rapid Rouding Game - 3rd Grade



As third graders begin to work on more complex  exercises, they will need some way to quickly double check their answers. That's why rounding is such an important skill set to master in third grade. The good part? "Rapid Fire Rounding" can be fun. This kinesthetic game will help your child practice this skill and get her adrenaline rushing.

What You Need:

  • 9 pieces of poster board in various colors
  • masking tape
  • large black marker
  • index cards
  • stop watch
What You Do:
  • Label the poster boards by hundreds from 100 to 900 (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900). Each poster board should have one number on it. Tape these all in a row to the ground outside, or in an open space in your home where it's okay to stomp on them.
  • On the index cards, write a variety of numbers from 100 to 900, such as 136, 879, 510, etc... There should be about 40 cards.
  • Tell your child that you are going to hand him a card, and he has to round the number to the nearest hundreds place and then jump on the correct answer as quickly as he can. After three tries to get the slickest time, switch places. Now it's your turn to claim the title as the fastest rounder!
  • After a few rounds like this, shuffle the poster boards around so that they are no longer in order, but all mixed up. How does this affect your time?

Monday 17 September 2012

Play the Number Sentence Game - 2nd Grade



Now that your second grader has beginning addition under his belt, it's a good time to try comparing and ordering numbers. Inject a little fun into the process by playing a quick number game that's all about building number sentences.
What's a number sentence? Your kid should already be familiar with one type of number sentence: the equation. For example: 4 + 2 = 6. This game is based on inequalities, like 9 > 4 or 3 < 7. Use the alligator trick if he needs a little help: pretend the symbols are alligator mouths, and remind him that the alligator always eats the bigger number!

What You Need:

  • 30 number cards: 3 each of numbers 0 - 9
  • 10 symbol cards: 3 greater than symbols (>), 3 less than symbols (<), and 4 equal signs (=)
  • 2 players

Tuesday 4 September 2012

Grade Information for Parents - Term 1 Maths



Maths Grade 5 Counting Partitioning and Calculations
Number sequences
Decimal notations and partitioning.
Rounding large number to the nearest multiple.
Using calculator to solve multi-step problems.
Estimate and check calculations.
Knowledge of place value and multiplication facts.
Securing Number facts Understanding Shapes
Knowledge of place value and multiplication facts to 10x10
to derive to multiplication and division facts.
Classify 2 D shapes with perpendicular or parallel sides.
Draw shapes with knowledge of their properties.
Data Handling and Measures
Solve problems by interpreting data
Construct and interpret tables, bar charts, line graphs and pie charts.
Use standard metric units of measure for conversions.
Read scales and answer questions accurately.
Answering questions about data.
Work out different types of average.
Calculating Measuring and Understanding Shapes Unit
Add subtract, multiply and divide whole numbers and decimals.
Convert measurements.
Solve problems with several steps
Add, subtract, multiply and divide whole numbers and decimals
Use calculator to solve multistep problems
Estimate results of calculations.
Read and interpret scales.
Finding perimeters and areas of shapes.
Securing Number Facts, Calculating and understanding relationships
Use place value and tables to work out facts.
Simplify fractions and put them in order of size.
Record calculations and solve problems.
Problem solving involving fractions, decimals and percentages.
Relate fractions to multiplication and division.

Maths Grade 4
Counting,partitioning and calculating
  • using and applying mathematics
  • counting and understanding number

  • Knowing and using number facts
  • Calculating

Securing number facts,understanding shape
  • Using and applying mathematics
  • Knowing and using number facts
  • Calculating
  • Understanding shape

Handling data and measures
  • using and applying mathematics
  • measuring
  • handling data

Maths Grade 3 Mental Maths:
  • Number bonds (up to 20, 50 and 100)
  • Simple multiplication facts
  • Multiply by 10 and 100
  • Add and subtract mentally pairs of two-digit whole numbers.
Problem Solving:
  • Carry out one step and two step calculation involving the four basic operations.
Number & Calculation:  
  • Recognise and continue number sequences formed by counting on or back in steps of a constant size.
  • Partition, round and order four digit whole numbers.
  • Use positive and negative numbers in context and position them on a number line.
  • Learn the symbols > and < than
  • Identify doubles and halves  

Maths Grade 2
CLASS WORK AND MENTAL MATHS

  • Counting, partitioning and calculating numbers
  • Knowing and using number facts
  • Handling data and estimate, measure and record measurements
  • Understanding shape

Monday 3 September 2012

Welcome to our Maths blog!

Welcome to a new year at the ABC! This year promises to be an exciting one full of Maths! In this blog you will be able to find different activities and ideas that can help you develop your Maths skills in a fun way! 

Thursday 14 June 2012

Have fun with Maths during summer time!

Studies show kids' math skills will deteriorate over the summer. In fact, children typically lose an estimated 2.5 months of learning over the break. The good news is, it’s easy to help your children avoid backsliding so they can hit the ground running next school year. Learning math under the sun can be a blast for kids. Here are five fun ways to keep math top of mind for your children as they soak up the rays:
  1. Ponder the Kiddie Pool. The same kids who probably can’t wait to dip their toes into the kiddie pool also need to cultivate the important and difficult skill of estimation. Before they wade in have them guess the gallons of water it’ll take to fill the pool past their ankles. How close did they come? For additional opportunities to measure consider throwing a graduated cylinder into the mix of water toys. Older kids can join the fun too. Challenge them to calculate the circumference, diameter and radius of the pool. Divide the circumference of the circle by the diameter to find pi. As the water flows this summer so do the opportunities to teach your children math.
  2. Grow a Math Garden. Your garden isn’t only teaming with life but opportunities to teach children math. For example, how much water and fertilizer will be needed to nourish the garden? How many pounds of fruit and vegetables the garden will produce? Or, pick one vegetable or flower to measure its growth over the summer and chart its progress. For older kids, you can overlay the garden with a grid to easily measure the square footage. Teach children how to multiply one of the side rows by the bottom row to determine the total number of squares.
  3. Keep Score. The next time you take your kids to the ball park encourage them to keep score. For younger children, you can use popcorn as a visual to aid in learning. You can kick it up a notch for the older kids by teaching them how to calculate a batting average.
  4. Bike and Boost Math Ability. You can power your children’s math abilities as they pedal their bikes this summer. You can teach kids how to calculate their “revolutions per minute” or RPMs through counting. Each time their right knee comes to the top of a stroke within a 15 second period is a measure of their RPMs. Keep time while they count. Don’t forget to pack in one last lesson as you pump up the tires. What a perfect time to introduce the concept of pressure per square inch or PSI.
  5. Feed the Birds and the Brain. Hang up a bird feeder and let the learning begin. How much bird food will it take to fill the feeder? How often will it need to be refilled? Collect data about the types of birds that visit the feeder. Add the number of birds on a given day and calculate the differences day to day. How many more or less visited yesterday versus today? If 10 birds ate from the feeder and two were Finches what percentage of the birds were Finches? 
Math doesn’t have to go out the window as kids play outside this summer. If you make math apart of the fun, it’ll be meaningful and memorable.

Monday 14 May 2012

Math Up the Olympics! Part 2

Discuss Decimals and Fractions Many Olympic medals are won or lost by tiny increments of time, distance, or points. In the 2004 games, for instance, Dwight Phillips (USA) won the men's long jump with a leap of 8.59m, while second place went to John Moffitt (USA) with a distance of 8.47m. Use figures like these to explain how decimals relate to fractions: 0.59m is the same thing as 59/100m.
Slip in an introduction to precision in measurement while talking to your child. Explain how the Olympic Games have changed throughout their history because of improvements in technology. Just fifty years ago, for example, stopwatches could only measure time up to an accuracy of 0.1 seconds—so if two runners finished a race within 0.1 seconds of each other, it was impossible to determine which athlete had the faster time. Today, computers are used instead of stopwatches—and they can measure time up to an accuracy of 0.001 seconds. That's a hundred times more precise, and it makes it much easier to know who's really won an event.  
Go Over Graphing Choose a sport, athlete, or country to follow over the course of the Olympic Games, and use the data you and your child collect in order to create a graph. For instance, your child can compile a graph demonstrating how many medals are won by any country on each day of the games. Or, create a graph showing the best daily scores that are recorded in a particular event. Talk to your kids about how graphs make it easy to see the overall trend of a person's or a country's achievements. You might also point out how a graph can clearly reflect an upper limit on human abilities. (No one is ever going to be able to swim the 100-meter backstroke in just 20 seconds, for example, and that particular point on the graph would therefore be very far away from the line showing the best times.)

Tuesday 24 April 2012

Math Up the Olympics! Part 1

As athletes from around the world gather for the upcoming Olympic Games, it's the perfect moment to capture your child's interest in the exciting events that are about to take place – and take advantage of that interest to introduce some related mathematical concepts.
None of these activities will even cause you to break a sweat, but they will allow you to have fun with your children as you watch the games, read about them, and—perhaps—win gold medals for your amazingly quick calculations. Just don't blame us if by the end of it all you're planning a family vacation to the next Olympics!

Practice Converting Measurements Since the Olympics are an international event, distances and speeds are measured using the metric system. It can be difficult for a child to grasp the concept that people around the world use different units of measurement for the same thing, so the concrete examples of the Olympics provide the perfect way to illustrate how this works.
First, explain to your child that 1 meter is equal to 3.28 feet. That means that, for instance, the 100-meter dash is equivalent to a run of about 328 feet. Challenge your child to convert the following distance events into feet:
  • When divers plunge into a pool from a board that's 10 meters high, the distance between them and the water is how many feet? (33 ft.)  
  • When speed skaters complete a 500 meter race, how many feet have they skated? (1640 ft.)
Your child can also try out some currency conversions! He'll boost his research skills as he determines the current exchange rate for the Olympics host country, and practice a little math calculating how many of that currency he can get for 10 U.S. dollars.

Wednesday 18 April 2012

Money Skills for Kids - 3rd Grade activity



Once your third grader has mastered counting coins up to $1.00, in school he'll begin to working numbers that make up larger dollar amounts. Chances are, he'll want to go to a store and make a purchase using his own allowance and savings. In which case, he will need to know what bills and coins he'll need to make his purchase. And when it comes to numbers, practice makes perfect. This activity will not only help him practice his math skills, like counting and addition and subtraction, but it will also give him a chance to learn more about things like purchasing and money exchange, which are important concepts to learn as he grows up.

What You Need:
•Collection of several old greeting cards (or you can make your own)
•Dollar bills and coins (5 one dollar bills and several of each coins (half-dollars, quarters, dimes, nickels and pennies)
•Unlined paper to make your cards and markers to decorate you them (if you make them yourself)
•Several shoppers and one cashier



What You Do:
1.Begin this activity with a warm up. Show your child a greeting card, toy or book and state the price. Have him arrange his bills and show what he would use to buy the card. Provide him with assistance if needed. Challenge him to come up with different dollar and coin combinations to reach the same amount.




2.You will need to either collect (you can use cards that are already used) or make a collection of greeting cards and write prices ranging from one to five dollars on the backs of the items. If you decide to make your own greeting cards, have your child make cards for various occasions using the unlined paper. Be sure he writes the prices on the backs. When the cards are completed, display them on a table for a "shopper" to browse the selection.




3.Choose one person to be the cashier for the card shop and at least one more person to be a shopper. Recruit Moms, Dads, siblings, grandparents, etc. to shop or take turns being the cashier in the card shop. Each person will select a greeting card and will give the cashier the appropriate number of bills and coins. The cashier should check that the amount is correct. You may want to have the shopper count the dollars and coins aloud for the cashier. (Everyone will most likely need to share the same money and use it more than once for multiple purchases.)




4.Allow your third grader to take turns playing both the role of the cashier and the shopper.
You can also do this activity with things other than greeting cards. A collection of baseball cards, for example, or any toys you have lying around the house. Just be sure not to write the prices on anything that you wouldn't want to be written on! A small piece of paper with the price will work just fine, if you prefer. This activity will allow your child to practice his counting skills and prepare him to make purchases on his own the next time you travel to the store together. You may be surprised at his new found confidence and purchasing skills!



Monday 26 March 2012

Build Newspaper Towers...and Test Their Stability! 5th Grade Activity



As your young learner studies structures, he may hear that the strongest shape is the triangle. Put this architectural idea to the test by building two different newspaper towers with your child. He'll test and observe each structure's stability…trying his hand at engineering as he explores this important architectural concept.



What You Need:
Newspapers
Masking tape
Heavy desk stapler
Large paper plate
Pennies



What You Need:
Your child will be building two towers, one made out of cubes (horizontals and verticals) and the other consisting of triangles (cubes with diagonal braces). Each tower will be two cubes tall. Start by helping your child roll newspaper into tubes. Take one sheet of newspaper, folded so that you see one full page. Roll from a short side, making a tube approximately one inch thick. Tape. Make 20 for each tower.




Using staples and tape, help your child make a cube. Take 8 more newspaper tubes, and build a second cube on top of the first. Reinforce the joints with tape. You have completed one tower, two cubes tall. Repeat step 2 to build the second tower.




The braces are also of rolled newspaper but need to be slightly longer than the original tubes. Take one sheet of newspaper, folded so that you see one page and fold this page in half, top to bottom. Roll from one corner to other. Tape. Make 11 braces.




Staple or tape one of these braces diagonally across each side, the top and the base of the bottom cube in the second tower. Repeat the process with the four sides and the top of the upper cube.




Carefully stand the towers upright. Do they both stand easily? It may take some shifting to get the one without braces to remain upright. Place a paper plate on each tower. Add pennies until one tower topples. Which one turned out to be strongest? Why does he think that is?



Monday 12 March 2012

Great Maths Websites

The links below are some great sites for the children to practice their maths skills:


http://www.aaamath.com/


http://www.coolmath4kids.com/


http://www.mathcats.com/explore.html


http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/websites/4_11/site/numeracy.shtml


http://www.funbrain.com/numbers.html

A Prime Number Maths Game - 4th Grade


What is a prime number? Check out this great way to learn. Find a deck of cards and deal them out. We hope your hand has a lot of prime numbers in it! If it does, you have a good chance of winning. If not, we wish you luck when you reach your hand over to the draw pile. Before you know it, you’ll have the first several prime numbers memorized and some great skills to take with you back to math class.

Terms to Know:
Prime Number: a number with no factors excepting itself and 1 (The first several prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, and 23. The number 1 is not a prime number and is instead classified as a unit.)

Factor: a number that divides evenly into another number

What You Need:
Deck of playing cards

What You Do:
Shuffle the deck and deal five cards to each player.

In this game, Aces = 1, Jacks = 11, Queens = 12, and Kings = 13.

Players take turns discarding cards, face up and one at a time, into a discard pile. Players may only discard prime numbers or a group of cards whose sum is a prime number. If a player is unable to discard a prime number, they must draw from the deck until they find or create one.

Play continues until the pack is depleted. The winning player is the player with the fewest cards left in their hand.

Monday 27 February 2012

Build Animals Piggy Banks - 2nd Grade!




Learn about coins and their value by making an animal piggy bank. You can talk about a special trip or item for which your child can save money. This project also teaches your child to recycle a can and egg carton. Gather your supplies and be creative as you design an animal bank. Below are three suggestions for animals; however, you can use your imagination and make others.

What You Need:
empty coffee can or baby formula can
knife
scissors
markers
paintbrush
pencil
wiggly eyes
4 egg carton cups
hot glue gun
newspapers
Elmer’s Glue

Pig Bank
pink foam sheet
1 pink pipe cleaner
pink acrylic paint

Lion Bank
yellow foam sheet
yarn for the mane
yellow acrylic paint
1 yellow pipe cleaner

Sheep Bank
white foam sheet
cotton balls

What You Do:
Spread newspapers on the table. Take off the lid and paint the can the desired color for your animal. Paint the 4 egg carton cups for the legs. Allow these to dry. For the sheep, you do not need to paint your can. Just smear glue on the can and add cotton balls.


Using a pencil, trace the lid two times on the foam sheet. One circle is for the head, and one is for the animal’s backside. Cut these two circles out. If you’re making the pig, trace a smaller circle on the pink foam for the snout. Perhaps you can trace the bottom of the acrylic paint bottle. Cut this out. Snip off two small triangles for the pig’s ears. For the lion, cut two semicircles for the ears on the yellow foam sheet. For the sheep, cut long, skinny triangles for the ears.

Have a parent hot glue the wiggly eyes and ears on one circle. For the pig, hot glue the smaller circle or snout below the eyes.Using markers, make two dots on the snout of the pig. For the lion and sheep, draw the nose, mouth, freckles, and outline the ears. Then put Elmer’s glue around the edge of the lion’s face. Cut small pieces of yarn for the mane and stick on.

Next, an adult can cut a slit in the foam face and lid for the mouth. This is where the money will be inserted into the bank. Hot glue the face onto the lid by lining up the mouth holes.To make the tail for the pig, cut the pink pipe cleaner in half. Wrap it around a pencil to make a curl. Using scissors, cut a small slit in the middle of the foam circle. Insert part of the curly pipe cleaner and twist it to secure. The curly part should stick out for the piggy tail. For the lion’s tail, cut a slit in the middle of the foam circle. Insert a yellow pipe cleaner and bend it to look like a tail. For the sheep, glue on a cotton ball. Have an adult hot glue these circles to the bottom of the can.

A parent can hot glue the legs to the bottom of the can. Now your bank animal is complete!
Lay your coins on the table. Point to a coin and say its name. If correct, you may feed your animal bank. Try saying its value and feed your animal. Keep feeding your animal to save your money for something special

Monday 23 January 2012

Make a Number Game - Perfect for 2nd Graders



This game provides your child with the opportunity to create, write, and read numbers. He’ll be using all of these skills in the middle grades, when he uses numbers, decimals, fractions, and percents to describe operations, computations, measurements, and patterns. Understanding the value of each digit in a number strengthens your child’s mathematical communication skills. Creating and reading four-digit numbers will give your child an opportunity to practice the number skills he’s learning at school. So get ready and roll the number cube!




What You Need:
Number cube
Paper
Pencil




What You Do:
Each player draws four short horizontal lines on a piece of paper. Each of the horizontal lines represents a place value. The first line represents thousands, the second line represents hundreds, the third line represents tens, and the fourth line represents ones.
Now it’s time to choose a goal - do you want to show the greatest 4-digit number or the smallest 4-digit number? Once you’ve agreed on greatest or smallest, it’s time to start rolling the number cube.
Each player rolls once and then writes the number shown on the cube on one of the lines on his paper. Here’s where strategy begins. Each player chooses where he wants to place each digit. For example, if a student rolls a “1” and the goal is to create the largest number, he may choose to place the 1 on the horizontal line holding the ones place.
This game continues until both players have filled in all four columns. The one who achieves the game goal wins that round!





What's going on? This game reinforces the connection between abstract digits and the way their values will differ depending on their place in a large number. Second graders often struggle with this idea, especially as numbers get bigger, and the more you can practice, the better. Plan to play lots of rounds--when it comes to math fundamentals, practice really does make perfect.